Cellular ageing

NAD+ studies examine sirtuin and PARP substrate availability in published enzyme and experimental systems.

NAD+ studies report enzyme substrate-dependence in yeast and mouse Sir2 systems, plus NAD cleavage and consumption in biochemical PARP systems. The evidence remains preclinical; each cited finding identifies its experimental system, endpoint, timepoint, and evidence tier.

Sources: Imai et al., Nature 2000 · Smith et al., PNAS 2001 · Kleine et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry 2008